Creating temporary tables

Hello all, going round in circles here trying to solve something and would appreciate some advice!

I'm basically looking at call centre data in a particular table, which logs each element of the call as it happens, meaning that each call has several rows worth of data. What I need to do is search the table for calls of a certain type, and generate a temporary list of CALL_ID numbers to use as a reference list for collecting other elements of call data located in other rows.

Is it possible to create a temporary table, populate it with "lookup" data, and use the lookup data to make an additional query?

Any help would be appreciated!